The horizontal kinetic energy of the fluid flow, from on-land wind to ocean tidal stream, is one of the most promising sources of the energy. In the field of renewable energies, power extraction from Flow Induced Vibration (FIV) of bluff bodies is a fast growing research area which has seen a great advancement over the last decade. In this study, the FIV energy harvesting potential of a sharp edge Square cylinder in two different flow incidences is investigated. The Square cylinder, depending on its orientation with respect to the incident flow, demonstrates VIV or galloping types of responses. The results indicate that the Square cylinder with a flat side perpendicular to the flow has a galloping type of response. In contrast, the same cylinder with a sharp vertex pointing the flow (diamond configuration) shows a VIV type of response. The hydroelastic efficiency of the resonating Square cylinder is significantly higher than that with the galloping type of response. This shows the great advantages of diamond VIV excavators over Square galloping harvesters.

Two-dimensional numerical investigations have been carried out to study the temporal wake characteristics of laminar flow past two identical inline Square cylinders performing transverse oscillations. Both the cylinders are forced to perform harmonic oscillations of same frequency and amplitude but with a phase difference. Computations are carried out using commercial software ANSYS Fluent 16. 1 on a dynamically sliding mesh for fixed Reynolds number equal to 100. The oscillation frequency is varied from 0. 4 to 1. 6 times the frequency of vortex shedding behind a single stationary Square cylinder. The amplitude of transverse oscillation is kept fixed equal to 0. 4D (D = side of the cylinder). In addition, the effect of variation of intercylinder spacing has been investigated on wake interference which influences the modes of vortex shedding and resulting dynamic effects on the cylinders. Temporal signals as well as mean characteristics of lift and drag coefficients have been presented for different values of inter-cylinder spacing, phase difference between the two cylinders and frequency of oscillation.

Rhombellanes are mathematical structures existing in various environments, in crystal or quasicrystal networks, or even in their homeomorphs, further possible becoming real molecules. Rhombellanes originate in the K2. 3 complete bipartite graph, a tile found in the linear polymeric staffanes. In close analogy, a rod-like polymer derived from hexahydroxy-cyclohexane was imagined. Further, the idea of linear polymer synthesized from dehydroadamantane was extended in the design of a threedimensional crystal network, named dia(s), of which tile is a hyper-adamantane (an adamantane of which vertices are just adamantanes). It was suggested that this network could be synthesized starting from the real molecule tetrabromo-adamantane, by dehydrogenation and polymerization. The crystal structures herein proposed were characterized by connectivity and ring surrounding sequences and also by the omega polynomial.

Flow past bluff bodies like Square cylinders is important in engineering applications, but flow patterns behind staggered cylinder arrangements remain poorly understood. Existing studies have focused on tandem or side-by-side configurations, while offset orientations have received less attention. The aim of this paper is to numerically investigate flow dynamics and force characteristics behind two offset Square cylinders using the single relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of changing both the Reynolds number (Re = 1-150) and gap spacing ratio (g* = 0.5-5) between the cylinders are analyzed. Instantaneous vorticity contours, time histories of drag and lift coefficients, power spectra of lift, and force statistics are used to characterize the flow. Different flow regimes have been identified in various ranges of Re and g* - including steady, chaotic, flip-flopping, single-bluff body, and fully developed flows. Larger spacings led to more regular vortex dynamics and force statistics. Smaller spacings promoted complex interactions and modulated forces. Offset cylinder orientation and spacing significantly influence flow features in staggered arrangements. The findings provide new modalities for controlling fluid dynamics past bluff bodies by tuning Re and gap parameters.